THE CIRIN BULLETIN
Conference
Interpreting Research
Information Network
An independent network for the
dissemination of information on
conference interpreting
research (CIR)
__________________________________________________________________
BULLETIN N°29
DECEMBER 2004
Editor: Daniel Gile
Contributors to
this issue:
Marta Abuín (MA),
Elena Alikina (EA), Ivana Čenková (IC) Cai Xiaohong (CX),
Hande Ersöz (HE), Yves Gambier (YG), Peter
Mead (PM), Franz Pöchhacker (FP)
Editorial address:
D. Gile, 46, rue d'Alembert, 92190 Meudon, France
tel/fax 00 33 1 45 34 83 84
e-mail: daniel.gile@laposte.net
Web site: http://perso.wanadoo.fr/daniel.gile/
This
Bulletin aims at contributing to the dissemination of information on conference
interpreting research (CIR) and at providing useful information to members of
the CIR community worldwide. It is intended to achieve maximum coverage of
research into this sub-field of interpreting, and only occasionally refers to
research and publications in other sub-fields. The Bulletin is published
twice a year, in December and June. For further information and electronic or
paper copies of early issues (the last issue is available on the Web site at
any time), please contact D. Gile.
Note:
the mini-abstracts are followed by the initials of the contributors who sent in
the information, but the text is either written or adapted from the original
text by D.Gile, who takes responsibility for the comments and for potential
errors introduced by him.
* * *
Welcome to Hande Ersöz- Demirdað, the
new Node for
In this issue, there
are as usual many graduation theses, almost all of which report empirical
studies. As can be observed over the years, these theses are the main source of
empirical research in CIR. While their quality as research is variable, many
deserve publication. The initiatives of colleagues in
A number of books from
The three-annual
Congress of the European Society for Translation Studies (EST) was held in
September in
The fifth
National Conference on Interpreting Practice, Pedagogy and Research was
co-organized by the Graduate Institute of Interpretation and Translation (which
has an excellent conference interpreter training program led by Andrew Dawrant)
and by the College of English Language and Culture of Shanghai International
Studies University (SISU) at the Shanghai campus of SISU on the 6th
and 7th of November, 2004. This large, well-organized conference was
attended mostly by Chinese interpreter trainers. Several foreign visitors,
including AIIC President Jennifer Mackintosh, were also present. The theme of
the conference was “Professionalisation in Interpreting: International
Experiences and Developments in
Finally, there
are interesting recent publications on types of interpreting other than
conference interpreting. Besides their intrinsic quality as research, these
studies offer ideas and findings on both social issues and linguistic issues in
interpreting performance many of which are relevant to conference interpreting
as well (see for example Hale, Sandra Beatriz, 2004, The Discourse of Court
Interpreting. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins).
D.G.
* A description of the methodology used by the
author in her study of problems and strategies in consecutive interpreting.
Alikina, Elena V. 2004.
“Polifunktsional’nost’ perevidcheskoj zapisi v uchebnom protsesse” (“The
multi-functional role of note-taking in the teaching of consecutive
interpreting”). In Chudinov, Anatolij (ed.). 10-16.
* Abstract： The
information dimension of interpretation quality evaluation is usually regarded
as the most important basis for measuring the faithfulness of translation.
Information units, by which measurements are made, are essential in this
evaluation. And yet, so far no systematic discussion of definition and
identification of such units has been presented. This paper discusses
information units against the background of interpretation quality evaluation
in terms of the essence of interpretation, the distinction between measurement
units and translation units, the definition of information units and the
relationship between information units and discourse analysis. This paper, with
the results of the theoretical research serving as guidance for interpretation
evaluation practice, attempts to explore a set of original evaluation methods
which are to be objective, scientific, easily-handled and feasible. (CX)
Choi, Jugwha. 2004. “The
competitiveness of ‘Into-B’ Simultaneous Interpretation: A Correlation Based on
Age.” Forum 2:2. 271-292.
* A survey conducted among Korean interpreters to find
out at what age they started learning their B languages, whether they spent any
time in the country where the relevant B language was spoken, and what their
opinions are regarding work into a B language.
de Manuel Jerez, Jesús. 2004. “Como formar
intérpretes contando con los estudiantes.” Puentes n°3.
11-18.
* A paper on
the assessment of the difficulty of recorded speeches to be used for
interpreter training. The author uses a dual approach, one being the assessment
by instructors, and the other immediate reactions to individual speeches and
later general assessments by students of the importance of various speech
parameters on their degree of difficulty. A good way of classifying the actual
degree of difficulty of recorded speeches, and a useful way to build and
organize a library of recorded speeches for student practice.
Diriker, Ebru. 2003. “Eşzamah
Çeviri Araştirmalari” (“Research into Simultaneous Interpreting”). In Rifat,
Mehmet (ed).
Doğan, Aymil. 2000. “Ardıl Çeviri” (“Consecutive
Interpreting”). Journal of Translation Studies of Hacettepe University
nº 10: 65-71.
* Some important factors in consecutive interpreting are
highlighted with a descriptive view. A holistic view of its definition,
the medium where it is needed and the relevant factors.
Doğan, Aymil. 2001. “Eğitimden Piyasaya:
Çevirmenlik Mesleği” (“The Profession of Translator and Interpreter: From the
Training to the Market”). Journal of Translation Studies of Hacettepe
University nº 11: 75-90.
* In this study, it is emphasized that the
institutions providing translation and interpretation training be evalued
within the principles of total quality management, and to this en in order to
gather the related data to be facilited in further studies to promote quality
assurance in these institutions, an open ended questionnaire as a prior study
is administered to a group of students and graduates taken as the fundamental
elements or, in other words, the stakeholders of the institution. The answers
to the questions are evaluated and given in this study.(HE)
Doğan, Aymil. 2002. “Ardıl
Çeviride Dikkat Odakları” (“Attentional Foci in Consecutive Interpreting”). Journal
of Translation Studies of
* The
study aims to shed light into what
is attention and how it can be facilitated during the consecutive interpreting
process. First a neurophysiological overview is given about attention. Then
some related cognitive concepts like mental images, mental schemata,
attentional foci, propositions, deverbalization or pre-proposal mental representation,
voiced output of the background knowledge are explained through examples with
emphasis to providing adequate exercises in the training of consecutive
interpreting. (HE)
Doğan, Aymil. 2002. “Ardil
Çeviri Sürecine Nörodilbilimsel ve Psikodilbilimsel Yakalaşim.” (“A
neurolinguistic and psycholinguistic approach to the consecutive interpreting
process.”) In Blackwell Gulen, B., I. Boztaş, C. Veldhues (eds). Translation
Studies in the New Millenium. Bizim
Büro. 25-36. (HE)
Doğan, Aymil. 2003. “TV Interpreting: Descriptions and Factors Affecting the Process”. Journal of
Translation Studies of
* TV interpreting is the type of
interpreting that emerged and became a part of daily life during last fifteen
years as a result of facilities provided by the development of high-tech communication
devices. The aim of this article is
to introduce and describe TV interpreting. Different modes of TV interpreting, participants,
logistics, constraints, facilities
are the factors explained with some
experiential examples.
Doğan, Aymil. 2003. “Sözlü Çeviride Gölge Alıştırmasının Bilişsel
Dayanakları” (“Shadowing as an Exercise in Interpreting”). Journal of
Faculty of Letters,
* This study aims at making a description of
what shadowing is as an exercise in interpreting. Reference is made to the
studies carried out in this field and then the results of a research conducted
experimentally on the students of our Department on a pretest-posttest design
to investigate the effect of shadowing exercises in A and B languages is
followed by some recommendations on research and training.
Ersöz, Hande. 2002. Analyse théorique du processus de deverbalization et de reverbalisation
en interprétation de conférence. MA thesis, Yildiz technical
University.
* Different
approaches to these processes are presented and compared to obtain a more
comprehensive perspective. (HE)
* see the micro-review of Schäffner (ed) in the Books
section.
* see the micro-review of Schäffner (ed) in the Books
section.
* see the micro-review of Schäffner (ed) in the Books
section.
* see the micro-review of Schäffner (ed) in the Books
section.
Lee, Taehyung. 2004. “Analysis
of Paired Korean Simultaneous Interpretation for a Speech Given in English.” Forum
2:2. 293-313.
* A naturalistic study of two English speeches with
their two corresponding Korean simultaneously interpreted versions, recorded
from 2 live TV broadcasts. The 6 audio files, that is, the 2 English speeches
and the 4 corresponding target speeches, were analyzed on a computer with
audio-processing software. The focus was on quantitative temporal variables, in
particular total speaking time, the number of syllables, speed of delivery in syllables
per minute, pauses and Ear-Voice Span. One interesting finding was strong
correlation between speaker variables and interpreter variables, which suggests
that despite potential deverbalization, the source speech determines to a large
extent temporal variables, and perhaps processing strategies in the target
speech. A second interesting finding was strong correlation between temporal
variables in each pair of interpreters interpreting the same English speech,
which suggests similar strategies. An interesting study, which could be
replicated in other language pairs to see whether these correlations hold
across a wide range of languages and types of speeches.
Moshchanskaja, Elena Yu. 2004. “K voprosu o
formirovanii umenij neverbalnogo obshchenija v protsesse podgotovki
perevidchikov” (“Training for non-verbal know-how in interpreter training”). In Chudinov,
Anatolij (ed.). 106-109.
Nafá, Lourdes. 2004. “La transmisión de la
entonación en interpretación simultánea inglés británico-español peninsular.” Puentes n°3.
29-37.
* A three-tier study of intonation improvement in
simultaneous interpreting. In an expectation questionnaire, interpreters were
found to prioritize informational content, but to consider intonation relevant
nevertheless. A monotonous English speech was then interpreted by two Spanish
interpreters, and acoustic parameters of both the source speech and the target
speeches were measured. After interpretation, a questionnaire on the transmission
of intonation was filled in by the two interpreters. It turns out that their
speech was intonationally better than the source speech, that they were aware
of it, and that difficulty of processing may influence their own intonation.
* see the micro-review of Schäffner (ed) in the Books
section.
* see the micro-review of Schäffner (ed) in the Books
section.
* see the micro-review of Schäffner (ed) in the Books
section.
Ala-Antti, Saana. 2003. Preparing
for an interpreting assignment - an element of an interpreter’s expertise.
MA thesis,
Berkün, A. 2000. Neurological,
neurophysiological and neuropsychological aspects of simultaneous
interpretation. M.A thesis,
Barbafina, Silvia. 2004. Gestione delle
stringhe aggettivali nell'interpretazione simultanea dall'inglese in italiano
(Managing adjectival strings in simultaneous interpreting from English into
Italian). Graduation thesis, SSLMIT, Università degli Studi di
Bologna, Sede di Forlì.
* The
aim of this experimental study is to analyse the way interpreters deal with
long sequences of adjectives in simultaneous interpretation (SI). The
assumption behind the study is that interpreters tend to avoid the translation
of problematic items, like sequences of adjectives or other kinds of list,
especially when they are not essential features of the text. The study is based
on an experiment carried out with 10 advanced students of interpreting at the
Coverlizza, Laura. 2004. L’interpretazione simultanea con e senza il testo scritto
del discorso di partenza: uno studio sperimentale. (Simultaneous interpreting with and without
the written source text: an experimental study). Graduation thesis,
SSLMIT, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Sede di Forlì.
* The aim of this experimental study is to ascertain if having the written
text of the speech, before and during simultaneous interpreting (SI), can help
the interpreters. The experiment was carried out on a sample of ten final year
students at the SSLiMIT in Forlì. Students did SI of two speeches from English
into Italian. They received the written text of the first speech 10 minutes
beforehand, and were allowed to take it into the booth. The text was not
identical to the oral speech, since the speaker omitted or summarized some
parts of it. Afterwards, the same group of students interpreted a similar
speech without receiving the text. They also completed a questionnaire on how
they perceived their SIs, any difficulties encountered in the two speeches, and
how useful they found the script. All SIs were transcribed. The analysis
focused on how students interpreted strings of adjectives, long lists, numbers
and an anecdote. The incidence of filled pauses during the two interpretations
was also examined. The analysis gives rise to some general remarks. The quality
of the interpretations of strings of adjectives, numbers and the anecdote is
higher during the first interpretation (with text) than during the second
(without text). Results concerning long lists are quite similar between the two
speeches. Despite the better results for the first text, students were more
fluent during the second speech. Because of the speaker’s departures, students
often hesitated and produced filled pauses, especially where the actual
delivery of the speech did not correspond to the text. Finally, all results
were compared with data obtained through the questionnaire. (PM)
Erkazancı, Hilal. 2003. Effect
of lexical and syntactic strategies on simultaneous interpreting. M.A thesis. Hacettepe University. (HE)
Ersöz, Hande. 2002. Analyse théorique du processus
de déverbalisation et de reverbalisation en interprétation de conférence. M.A
thesis,
* Different approaches to these processes are
presented and compared to obtain a more comprehensive perspective.(HE)
Grandi, Lorenzo. 2004. Componenti
culturali nell’interpretazione simultanea. Un esperimento sui riferimenti
sportivi. (Cultural items in
simultaneous interpreting. An experiment on sporting references). Graduation
thesis, SSLMIT, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Sede di Forlì.
* Source texts can sometimes contain references to
the speaker’s culture which might be unknown to foreigners. In these cases,
interpreters must decide how to manage the cultural reference in a few seconds,
especially in simultaneous interpretation.
The theoretical
introduction of this experimental study underlines that interpreters must
always assess the communication context and the knowledge and expectations of
their audience. Indeed, interpreters must strive to produce a speech which is
fully understandable in the target culture.
This study
presents the results of an experiment on simultaneous interpretation from
English (B) into Italian (A) by advanced interpreting students at the
The
speech is also characterized by the presence of several features of orality
like repetitions, colloquialisms, anaphoric links and addresses to the audience.
Since different cultures use different degrees of formality, these elements are
also relevant to cultural mediation. They have been analyzed as proposed in
Shlesinger’s (1989) study on orality in simultaneous interpreting.
The interpreters
in the present study had some difficulties and uncertainties in dealing with
the sports references. However, in general, they showed good self-monitoring
ability, so that their deliveries would be acceptable to the hypothetic Italian
audience. The main strategies used were generalizations and omissions, even if
the better informed interpreters tended to maintain the references and
sometimes tried to explain them. This suggests that interpreters might assess
the knowledge of their audience on the basis of their own and that they decide
to “filter” the text on the basis of these assumptions. In terms of orality,
the interpreters tended to make the text more literate (formal) than the
original
These results are
consistent with Shlesinger’s tentative conclusion that simultaneous
interpretation tends to move discourse closer to the middle ground on the
oral-literate continuum, making informal texts more formal. (PM)
Fantová, Jana. 2004. Condensers
in English (nonfinite structures) and their use in simultaneous interpreting
from Czech into English. MA thesis,
* An experiment with 8 novices, 2 native speakers of
English and one experience Czech interpreter interpreting from Czech into English.
There were no significant differences between Czech and English interpreters in
using non-finite structures as condensers (IC)
Hakala, Anna.
2004. Die Rolle der Vorbereitung bei Dolmetschleistungen aus der
studentischen Perspektive. (The role of preparation
for interpreting from the students’ viewpoint) Graduation thesis.
* This thesis focuses on conference
preparation. It looks at prior knowledge and at quality assurance. It is based
on interviews with 12 students and 4 instructors. (YG)
Heiramo, Hanna. 2003. Nürnbergsistä
Haagin - Vertaileva tutkimus simultaanitulkkauksesta kansainvälisessä
oikeudenkäynnissä. (From
Iannotta,
Daniela. 2004. La resa di
frasi parentetiche ed incidentali in interpretazione simultanea e consecutiva. (Rendering
parentheses and asides in simultaneous and consecutive interpreting). Graduation
thesis, SSLMIT, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Sede di Forlì.
* Abstract
This experimental study examines the effect of
digressions and parentheses in the source language speech on simultaneous interpreting
(SI) and consecutive interpreting (CI). In CI, the study also investigates
note-taking strategies for parentheses and digressions (such as brackets,
arrows and linking lines).
The interpreter,
who is not the ‘original’ producer of the message, must follow the speaker’s
discourse plan and adapt to his/her style and speech rate. Parentheses, which
interrupt the semantic and syntactic flow of the speech, are expected to create
difficulties for the interpreter.
Ten advanced
students in interpreting each did a CI and a SI of source language texts
containing parentheses and digressions. All subjects had already finished the
training program in interpretation at the
After interpreting, subjects were asked to fill in a questionnaire about
problems during both interpretations and coping strategies to solve them.
Findings can be
summarized as follows:
1. The
speaker’s parentheses create difficulties for the interpreter.
2. Omission
is the most frequent strategy. Interpreters tend to leave out modifying
elements in general and to focus attention on the main clause.
3. However,
parentheses which expand on content prove helpful for the interpreter, since
they provide extra information and offer him/her a second chance to grasp the
essential points.
4. As
expected, parentheses prove more difficult in SI than in CI, because of greater
time constraints. (PM)
Khrustaleva Hannele, Mari Anna. 2004. Breaks in consecutive interpreting from Russian into Finnish.
(in Russian). Graduation thesis.
Kinnunen, Hanne. 2004. Interference in Simultaneous Interpreting from Russian into
Finnish. (in Russian). Graduation thesis,
* An empirical study of semantic,
syntactic and lexical interference in a corpus of 8 Russian speeches interpreted
by Finnish students. (YG)
Komzáková,
Anna. 2004. L’influence
de la difficulté du discours sur la langue des notes en interprétation
consécutive. (The influence of speech difficulty on
the choice of note-taking language). MA thesis,
* 10 interpreters interpreted
consecutively 4 speeches of different levels of difficulty from French into
Czech and their notes were scrutinized to test the hypothesis that the more
difficult the speech, the more SL elements would be found in the notes. Results
support the hypothesis. (IC)
Laine, Jarkko. 2004. Source text segmentation and simultaneous interpreting
performance. Graduation thesis.
* Four English source speeches were
interpreted by 10 students. Analysis focused on prosody and pauses. A propositional analysis
was carried out. (YG)
Nĕmcová,
Klára. 2004.
Les traits spécifiques à la traduction à vue (étude empirique réalisée sur
la traduction à vue et la traduction écrite du français vers le tchèque)(Specific
features of sight translation – an empirical study comparing sight translation
and written translation of French into Czech). MA
thesis,
* The aim of this thesis was to compare
the written translation of a text with sight translation and show that the
latter is a form of interpreting. An experiment was carried out with two groups
of experience interpreters, one of which was given the opportunity to prepare
for sight translation. Performance was video-taped, and error analysis was
carried out. (IC)
Rennert Sylvi.
2004. Nonverbale Kommunikation und Sichtkontakt beim Simultandolmetschen.(152
pages + 50 App.; incl. input speech on CD). (Non-verbal
communication and visual contact in simultaneous interpreting). Graduation
thesis,
* The author reviews the literature
on nonverbal communication with special reference to SI and reports an
experimental study: two 10-minute speeches presented live by a native
(American) speaker were interpreted simultaneously into German by 5 advanced
interpreting students, either with visual access to the speaker or without
(booth window papered over). Rather than a quantitative analysis, the author
offers a detailed description of all instances of visual NVC in the original
speech, using the taxonomy of Poyatos (1997). The interpreters' renditions are
then examined for any solutions that seem to be influenced by the visual NVC
items in the input speech. Though the latter was not very rich in striking
visual nonverbal cues, the author finds several instances of renditions in the
mode with visual access that appear to be based on the visual input rather than
the verbal or paraverbal components alone. The study also confirms previous
findings on interpreters' preference to see the speaker, based on a debriefing
(with a short questionnaire) of the subjects after the experiment. (FP)
Rossi, Alida.
* Abstract
This dissertation, which presents observational and
questionnaire-based research on how consecutive interpreting is taught at the
Chapter 1,
“Research on teaching consecutive interpretation”, examines the literature on
the aspects considered of fundamental importance for the present study. In
particular, the discussion deals with the development of conference
interpreting as a profession and in research. The chapter continues with a
description, supported by a theoretical background, of teaching priorities as a
basis for a training programme. The discussion then focuses on the specific
features of teaching consecutive interpreting and in particular on the most
important exercises and training topics identified in the present study.
Finally, the chapter presents the provocative issue as to whether it is actually
possible to teach conference interpreting.
Chapter 2,
“Rationale and methodology”, presents the basic aims of the survey, as well as
the methodology and procedures used to carry it out. The first sections deal
with the procedure followed to administer the questionnaire among students and
to carry out the interviews with teachers. The later sections describe the
questionnaires’ structure, illustrating the various blocks into which they are
divided.
Chapter 3, “The
survey: results and discussion”, describes and discusses the outcomes of the
survey. Results are presented focusing on the various issues covered by the
questionnaires. The first section is devoted to the outcomes of the students’
questionnaire, whereas the second deals with the results of the teachers’
interviews.
Chapter 4,
“Analysis of CI lessons”, describes and analyses three different series of CI
lessons which were recorded during the first semester 2002/2003 at the SSLMIT
in Forlì. The first section explains the common framework created in order to
analyse all lessons; the chapter is then divided into three parts, each dealing
with a different series of lesson.
Chapter 5,
“Conclusion and prospects”, summarises the most significant outcomes and
comments on the most interesting trends identified. The first part focuses on
results for each of the different items covered by the questionnaires and the
analysis of the lessons. The second part offers a general review of the study
and a critical evaluation of the methodology. Finally, some suggestions for
future studies are proposed. (PM)
Roveda, Milena.
* Abstract
Simultaneous film
interpreting (SFI) is a kind of oral screen language transfer in which the
interpreter's voice overlaps the original soundtrack (like in television
voice-over) and leaves the source-language dialogues in the background; the aim
is to reproduce the content, not the form, of the dialogues for viewers who do
not know the original language of the film. This kind of interpreting is often
required for International Film Festivals. The aim of this questionnaire-based
survey is firstly to analyse the preferences of the audience (divided into
general public end critics) and compare them with the quality criteria of
interpreters; and secondly to examine the constraints and potential of SFI. The
thesis is based on empirical data collected through the distribution of
questionnaires to spectators at the 2004 Schermi d'Amore Film Festival in
Şahin, Begüm. 2001. Conference
interpreting its past and present.
Verdini, Agostina. 2004.
La resa in interpretazione consecutiva: donne e uomini a confronto. Un’analisi empirica.
(Production in consecutive interpreting: a comparison of women and men. An
empirical analysis).
Graduation thesis, SSLMIT, Università
degli Studi di Bologna, Sede di Forlì.
(Heinrich/Mead, December 2004)
* Abstract
Why are there so few male students
attending the SSLMIT in Forlì? Why are interpreters generally women? Is there a
biological or social explanation linked to gender differences in speaking
abilities? This experimental study provides an experimental analysis of
possible differences and similarities in approach between male and female
students of interpretation. On the basis of the theories put forward in Gender
Studies and neurolinguistic investigation of simultaneous interpreters, it
seems that women and men in fact differ in the way they speak, communicate and
also in their practice of interpretation. For this study, the interpretation
mode chosen is consecutive and the linguistic combination is from German into
Italian; the sample is made up of 14 women and 14 men, whose first or second
foreign language is German. The texts selected for the IC present different
linguistic features, topic, reading pace and length. The first is a speech
which deals with economic-financial matters, shows a high density of numerical
expressions and specific sectorial terms. The second text is an article about
health, which presents a considerable number of idiomatic expressions and terms
related to the medical field. The comparison between the deliveries made by the
interpreters of both sexes and the analysis of the answers provided by the
questionnaires handed out to the students suggest readily identifiable gender
differences. On the whole, male interpreters performed better as far as
numbers, dates, and economic vocabulary are concerned, while female
interpreters were better at handling figurative language and health-related
discourse. Consistent with this finding, women maintained a higher degree of
fluency in the delivery of the second text, while men were more fluent in the
first. (PM)
Xu, Fei. 2004. De l’évaluation de la qualité
en interprétation à la compétence de l’interprète ---- Observation des
stratégies des interprètes de français en consécutive et en simultanée. (From
interpretation quality assessment to the interpreter’s expertise – an
observation of interpreting strategies from French in consecutive and
simultaneous). MA thesis,
Guangdong Foreign Studies University.
* Résumé : Etant le pont de la communication interlinguistique et
interculturelle, l’interprétation débute très tôt et reste toujours une des
activité les plus dynamiques dans l’histoire humaine. La recherche en la
matière a beaucoup progressé, surtout dans les deux dernières décennies.
Pourtant, en raison de l’absence des travaux empiriques, la recherche
comparative sur l’interprétation consécutive et l’interprétation simultanée
reste encore à approfondir dans la pratique, l’évaluation et la formation. La
présente étude tente de comparer le processus mental et l’effet de ces deux
modes d’interprétation, d’analyser les stratégies adoptées et la compétence de
l’interprète dans chaque cas et d’en déduire des idées sur la formation à
l’interprétation.
A l’aide de la théorie du sens et des
modèles de la consécutive et de la simultanée, nous ferons une comparaison théorique
entre les deux modes et ainsi nous élaborerons nos hypothèses sur les
stratégies et la compétence de l’interprète. Ensuite, nous effectuerons,
conformément aux critères théoriques et pratiques en question, une observation
comparative visant à révéler les différences entre les deux modalités de
travail sous les angles de la fidélité informationnelle et des stratégies, à en
chercher les causes et enfin à les analyser. Les variables à observer se
divisent en deux catégories : variables informationnelles et stratégiques.
L’étude des résultats commence par l’analyse des informations qui a pour but de
circonscrire les variables observables et de fournir des données objectives
afin de faire avancer l’analyse qualitative et de développer la discussion. La
présente étude est donc à la fois descriptive, analytique et explicative.
A travers les analyses sur les données de
l’observation, la puissance et l ‘efficacité des modèle théoriques sont
confirmées, de même pour nos hypothèses. Enfin, l’étude fournit des réflexions
contribuant à l’évaluation et à la formation à l’interprétation. (CX)
DOCTORAL
DISSERTATIONS
Angelelli, Claudia. 2001. Deconstructing
the Invisible Interpreter: a Critical Study of the Interpersonal Role of the
Interpreter in a Cross-cultural.linguistic communicative Event. Doctoral
dissertation, Stanford University Press .
* See in the Books section.
* A thorough and interesting empirical study on
directionality. With 36 advanced students of interpreting (Polish A, English B)
interpreting simultaneously in both directions in a careful setup. After they interpreted,
the students had to listen to their recording and whenever they remembered
something about their thoughts during interpretation of the relevant segment,
they explained/commented on what they had done. On the basis of the comments,
the author classified the strategies they used and compared frequencies, in
particular depending on the direction (Polish into English versus English into
Polish. The hypothesis that the strategies inferencing, parallel reformulation
and transcodage would be considerably more frequent for interpreting from
English into Polish was confirmed. Syntactic transformation, approximation and
paraphrase were favored when working into English. Contrary to expectations,
anticipation seems to occur more frequently when subjects work from English
into Polish than when they work from Polish into English. Results also
invalidated the initial hypothesis that listening to a source text in one’s
mother tongue would produce more emotional reactions. They suggest that, on the
opposite, it is production in one’s native language that is more likely to
arouse the interpreter’s concern with the views he or she is required to voice.
The author considers that her findings prove the suitability of retrospection
as a research tool for investigating simultaneous interpreting and in
particular strategic processing, that she has shown which non-automated
interpreting strategies are frequent and which are not, and that strategic
processing in each interpreting direction she investigated is considerably different.
Peter Mead’s
doctoral dissertation on pauses in consecutive: Evolution des pauses dans
l’apprentissage de l’interprétation consecutive, université
BOOKS
Alimov, Viacheslav V. 2004. Teoria
perevoda. Perevod v sfere professionalnoj komunikatsii (Translation
theory. Translation in professional communication).
Angelelli, Claudia V. 2004. Revisiting
the Interpreter’s Role. A study of conference, court, and medical
interpreters in
* Based on her PhD dissertation completed at
Baigorri Jalón, Jesús.
2004. Interpreters at
the United Nations: A History.
* An analysis of the
history of conference interpreting at the UN, written by a trained historian,
with primary sources. A well documented text about various personal and
professional aspects of conference interpreting at the UN, and a very
interesting document for anyone who wishes to understand the claims and
behaviour of AIIC conference interpreters.
Baigorri Jalón, Jesús. 2004. De Paris à
Nuremberg: Naissance de l’interprétation de conférence. Traduit de
l’espagnol sous la direction de Clara Foz. Ottawa : Les Presses de l’université
d’Ottawa.[French translation of La interpretación de conferencias : el
nacimiento de una profesión. De
París a
* The very good team
translation (led by Clara Foz) of a fascinating book on the beginnings of
conference interpreting history. Of the same nature as, but perhaps even more
powerful than Interpreters at the United Nations: A History (see above). Let us
hope many full reviews will be published in journals. Highly recommended reading. (DG)
Bofill, Gilbert. 2001. Dolmetschen zwischen Deutsch
und Katalanisch: Sprachliche und Pragmatische Probleme. (Interpreting
between German and Catalan: Linguistic and Pragmatic Problems). Wien:
Edition Praesens.
* The published version of a doctoral dissertation defended
in
Chudinov, Anatolij P. 2004. Lingvistika
XXI veka (Twenty-first century linguistics). Ekaterinburg: Ed. de
l’Université pédagogique d’Etat d’Oural. (EA)
Diriker, Ebru. 2004. De-/Re-
Contextualizing Conference Interpreting. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John
Benjamins.
* Based on Diriker’s 2001 doctoral dissertation
(Contextualising Simultaneous Interpreting: Interpreters in the Ivory Tower?
Garbovskiy, Nikolaj K. 2004. Teoria
perevoda: uchebnik (Translation theory: a handbook).
Kushnina, Ljudmila V. 2003. Dinamika
perevodcheskogo prostranstva (Le dynamisme de l’espace de traduction).
Kushnina, Ljudmila V. 2004. Jazyki
i kul’tury v perevodcheskom prostranstve (Languages and cultures in
translation space).
Neljubin, Lev L. 2003. Tolkovyj perevodcheskij slovar’ (Dictionnaire raisonné des termes de
traduction). Moscow: Flinta, Nauka.
* Ce dictionnaire contient 2028 articles tirés de 224 sources. Il
présente les termes de
traductologie, de pédagogie de la traduction et de l’interprétation, de
traductique.(EA)
Sawyer, David. 2004. Fundamental
Aspects of Interpreter Education. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
* A book based on the author’s doctoral dissertation
The Integration of Curriculum and Assessment in Interpretation Education: A
Case Study. 2001.
Schäffner, Christina (ed). 2004. Translation
Research and Interpreting Research. Traditions, Gaps and Synergies. Clevedon,
* A seminar on the relation between translation
research and interpreting research was organized at
Tjulenev, Sergej V. 2004. Teoria
perevoda: uchebnoye posobie (La théorie de la traduction: manuel).
REVIEWS
Gile, Daniel. 2004. Review of
Pöchhacker, Franz & Miriam Shlesinger (eds). 2002. The
Interpreting Studies Reader.
Present
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